Key facts:
High electrification rates and the ramp-up of EU cell production to ~900 GWh in 2030 will drive the EU recycling market up to ~6000 kt end-of-life batteries in 2040. Following Asian regulation, the EU revised its regulatory environment in 2023 – among other things, requiring a recycling efficiency of 70% from 2031 onwards. With a clear technological pathway and established supply chains, costs are expected to scale down by up to 50%. By 2030, we expect more than €2 bn in investments into the EU recycling market. However, handling further market growth to 2035 requires additional investments of €7 bn.